The original paper is in English. Non-English content has been machine-translated and may contain typographical errors or mistranslations. ex. Some numerals are expressed as "XNUMX".
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The original paper is in English. Non-English content has been machine-translated and may contain typographical errors or mistranslations. Copyrights notice
Para arranjos de antenas em fase e adaptativos, um arranjo ideal dos elementos da antena é essencial para evitar lóbulos de grade na região angular visível do arranjo. Lóbulos laterais grandes causam degradação na relação sinal-ruído; os lóbulos da grade, na pior das hipóteses, causam mau funcionamento. Um método de avaliar o nível do lóbulo lateral é a integração quadrada. Para um determinado conjunto de posições de elementos, a avaliação por integração quadrada dos lóbulos laterais envolve transformada de Fourier e integração numérica. Para uma avaliação mais rápida, desenvolvemos um algoritmo de transformação equivalente que não requer transformação numérica de Fourier ou integração. Usando este novo algoritmo, introduzimos um algoritmo rápido de tentativa e erro que aplica iterativamente perturbações aleatórias ao array, avalia a função e a minimiza. Várias execuções separadas deste algoritmo foram conduzidas sob a restrição de simetria rotacional tripla para estabilidade. A saída ideal, para a qual a função é minimizada, são matrizes do tipo triangular equilátero uniformemente espaçadas que, infelizmente, possuem lóbulos de grade indesejados. No entanto, o algoritmo também produz variações presas em mínimos locais, alguns dos quais não possuem lóbulos de grade e cujos picos dos lóbulos laterais são suficientemente baixos dentro de uma ampla região angular. Para o caso N= 12, muitas vezes surge uma matriz característica do tipo triangular-retangular, que possui não apenas melhores propriedades de lóbulo lateral, conforme avaliado pela integração quadrada e lóbulo lateral de pico, mas também folga elemento a elemento suficiente. Para o caso N=36, um dos resultados atinge um nível de pico-lóbulo lateral de -8 dB, com uma separação mínima elemento a elemento de 0.76 comprimento de onda.
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Koji NISHIMURA, Toru SATO, "Two-Dimensional Arrays Optimized for Wide-Scanning Phased Array Based on Potential Function Method" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications,
vol. E92-B, no. 10, pp. 3228-3235, October 2009, doi: 10.1587/transcom.E92.B.3228.
Abstract: For phased and adaptive arrays of antennas, an optimal arrangement of antenna elements is essential to avoid grating lobes in the visible angular region of the array. Large sidelobes cause degradation in signal-to-noise ratio; grating lobes, in the worst case, cause malfunctions. One method of evaluating sidelobe level is square integration. For a given set element positions, evaluation by square integration of the sidelobes involves Fourier transform and numerical integration. For faster evaluation, we developed an equivalent transform algorithm that requires no numerical Fourier transform or integration. Using this new algorithm, we introduced a fast trial-and-error algorithm that iteratively applies random perturbation to the array, evaluates the function, and minimizes it. A number of separate runs of this algorithm have been conducted under the constraint of 3-fold rotational symmetry for stability. The optimal output, for which the function is minimized, is a uniformly spaced equilateral-triangular-type arrays that, unfortunately, has unwanted grating lobes. However the algorithm also yields variations trapped at local minima, some of which do not have grating lobes and whose sidelobe peaks are sufficiently low within a wide angular region. For the case N=12, a characteristic triagular-rectangular-type array often arises, which has not only better sidelobe properties as evaluated by square-integration and peak sidelobe, but also sufficient element-to-element clearance. For the case N=36, one of the results achieves a peak-sidelobe level of -8 dB, with a minimum element-to-element separation of 0.76 wavelength.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/communications/10.1587/transcom.E92.B.3228/_p
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@ARTICLE{e92-b_10_3228,
author={Koji NISHIMURA, Toru SATO, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications},
title={Two-Dimensional Arrays Optimized for Wide-Scanning Phased Array Based on Potential Function Method},
year={2009},
volume={E92-B},
number={10},
pages={3228-3235},
abstract={For phased and adaptive arrays of antennas, an optimal arrangement of antenna elements is essential to avoid grating lobes in the visible angular region of the array. Large sidelobes cause degradation in signal-to-noise ratio; grating lobes, in the worst case, cause malfunctions. One method of evaluating sidelobe level is square integration. For a given set element positions, evaluation by square integration of the sidelobes involves Fourier transform and numerical integration. For faster evaluation, we developed an equivalent transform algorithm that requires no numerical Fourier transform or integration. Using this new algorithm, we introduced a fast trial-and-error algorithm that iteratively applies random perturbation to the array, evaluates the function, and minimizes it. A number of separate runs of this algorithm have been conducted under the constraint of 3-fold rotational symmetry for stability. The optimal output, for which the function is minimized, is a uniformly spaced equilateral-triangular-type arrays that, unfortunately, has unwanted grating lobes. However the algorithm also yields variations trapped at local minima, some of which do not have grating lobes and whose sidelobe peaks are sufficiently low within a wide angular region. For the case N=12, a characteristic triagular-rectangular-type array often arises, which has not only better sidelobe properties as evaluated by square-integration and peak sidelobe, but also sufficient element-to-element clearance. For the case N=36, one of the results achieves a peak-sidelobe level of -8 dB, with a minimum element-to-element separation of 0.76 wavelength.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transcom.E92.B.3228},
ISSN={1745-1345},
month={October},}
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TY - JOUR
TI - Two-Dimensional Arrays Optimized for Wide-Scanning Phased Array Based on Potential Function Method
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SP - 3228
EP - 3235
AU - Koji NISHIMURA
AU - Toru SATO
PY - 2009
DO - 10.1587/transcom.E92.B.3228
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SN - 1745-1345
VL - E92-B
IS - 10
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Y1 - October 2009
AB - For phased and adaptive arrays of antennas, an optimal arrangement of antenna elements is essential to avoid grating lobes in the visible angular region of the array. Large sidelobes cause degradation in signal-to-noise ratio; grating lobes, in the worst case, cause malfunctions. One method of evaluating sidelobe level is square integration. For a given set element positions, evaluation by square integration of the sidelobes involves Fourier transform and numerical integration. For faster evaluation, we developed an equivalent transform algorithm that requires no numerical Fourier transform or integration. Using this new algorithm, we introduced a fast trial-and-error algorithm that iteratively applies random perturbation to the array, evaluates the function, and minimizes it. A number of separate runs of this algorithm have been conducted under the constraint of 3-fold rotational symmetry for stability. The optimal output, for which the function is minimized, is a uniformly spaced equilateral-triangular-type arrays that, unfortunately, has unwanted grating lobes. However the algorithm also yields variations trapped at local minima, some of which do not have grating lobes and whose sidelobe peaks are sufficiently low within a wide angular region. For the case N=12, a characteristic triagular-rectangular-type array often arises, which has not only better sidelobe properties as evaluated by square-integration and peak sidelobe, but also sufficient element-to-element clearance. For the case N=36, one of the results achieves a peak-sidelobe level of -8 dB, with a minimum element-to-element separation of 0.76 wavelength.
ER -